• Associations:  Ingestion of isopropanol +/- inebriation + no anion gap + no metabolic acidosis

• Pathophysiology:  Isopropanol is metabolized to acetone.

• Associations:  Alcohol ingestion + inebriation + no anion gap (unless AKA present) + no metabolic acidosis (unless AKA present)

• Pathophysiology:  It is an alcohol.

• Associations:  Antifreeze ingestion/suicide attempt + anion gap metabolic acidosis +/- renal impairment

• Pathophysiology:  Ethylene glycol gets metabolized to eventually for glycolic acid and oxalic acid.

• Associations:  Ingestion +/- inebriation + no anion gap (if only ingestion)

• Pathophysiology:  It is an alcohol and metabolized to acetone.

• Associations:  IV infusion of mannitol

• Pathophysiology:  An organic substance that absorbs water.

• Associations:  Reports of ingestion +/- metabolic acidosis +/- changes in vision

• Pathophysiology:  Methanol is metabolized to formic acid.

• Associations:  IV contrast for imaging.

• Pathophysiology:  Increased osmolarity.

• Associations:  Use of lorazepam (Ativan) or Dilantin infusions

• Pathophysiology:  It is an organic substance that absorbs water.

• Differential Diagnosis:  Anion Gap
• Calculator:  Anion Gap
• Lab Test:  Anion Gap
  
• Toxicology:  Ethylene Glycol Overview
• Toxicology:  Isopropanol Alcohol Overview
• Toxicology:  Methanol Overview
  

Editors:

• Anthony J. Busti, MD, PharmD, FNLA, FAHA

Last Reviewed:  August 2015